How They Do It
Grafting grapevines may not be the most romantic part of winemaking, but it’s one of the most essential. If you’ve ever enjoyed a glass of Cabernet Sauvignon or Riesling, chances are, that wine started from a grafted vine. But why do wineries graft their grapevines, and how does it work? Let’s dig into the dirt on this fascinating process.
Why Wineries Graft
Believe it or not, grafting isn’t just about improving grape quality—it’s about survival. In the 19th century, European vineyards faced a disaster when an American insect called phylloxera nearly wiped out the continent’s wine industry. These tiny pests attacked the roots of grapevines, and because European vines had no natural defense, entire vineyards were destroyed.
The solution? Grafting European grapevines onto American rootstocks, which had evolved to resist phylloxera. This saved the wine industry and is now the standard practice for vineyards worldwide. But resistance to pests isn’t the only reason wineries graft. Other benefits include:
- Disease Resistance – Some rootstocks are naturally resistant to soil-borne diseases.
- Adaptation to Soil and Climate – Certain rootstocks thrive in specific soil types and climates.
- Improved Yield and Quality – Some grafting techniques help regulate grape production for better-tasting wine.
How Does Grafting Work?
Grafting is a mix of science and artistry, requiring precision and patience. Here’s a simplified breakdown of how it’s done:
- Choosing the Right Rootstock – The base of the vine is selected based on its resistance to disease, soil conditions, and climate adaptability.
- Preparing the Graft – The existing trunk is cut down, and a cut is made to fit the scion (the desired grape variety) into it.
- Joining the Pieces – The scion and rootstock are carefully notched together, ensuring a snug fit.
- Securing the Graft – The joint is wrapped with special tape or materials to keep it in place.
- Encouraging Growth – The area is covered with soil or wax to maintain moisture and prevent infection.
Over time, the graft heals, and the vine begins producing grapes—just like a natural vine would. The only difference? The roots are built to withstand threats that could otherwise destroy the vineyard.
A Tradition That Keeps Growing
Grafting may not be the most glamorous part of winemaking, but it’s one of the most important. Thanks to this centuries-old technique, wineries can continue producing the wines we love while protecting their vineyards for future generations. So next time you sip on your favorite vintage, remember—there’s a little bit of grafting magic in every bottle. Now you know why wineries graft their grapevines. Cheers!
Marisa Fancy along with her husband and four children dreamt of moving “Up North”. They had vacationed for years in northern Michigan and in 1995 they finally made the move.